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Verify Disks from Terminal

Find the disk to repair using: diskutil list
Make a note of the disk you want to work with (in the IDENTIFIER column)
The disk name will be in this form: /dev/diskID
For example: /dev/disk3s1

To verify the disk, type: diskutil verifyVolume /dev/diskID
Where /dev/diskID is the ID you identified above
the verify might take a while. When complete a message stating if everything is OK
will appear, or it might say repair is necessary.

To verify a disk instead of a volume, use the verifyDisk option instead

To repair a volume, use: diskutil repairVolume /dev/diskID
To repair a disk, use the repairDisk option.
Note that you cannot repair the boot disk, boot form another disk first.